The key difference between GitHub Desktop and git bash is that GitHub Desktop provides a graphical workflow while git bash offers a command line workflow.
GitHub Desktop gives a visual interface for common tasks like commits merges and pushing. That visual approach helps users who prefer buttons and panels over memorizing commands. git bash gives direct access to the full git command set. That command line approach is faster for scripted tasks and advanced techniques once commands become muscle memory.
GitHub Desktop pros include simplified staging visual diff views and fewer mistakes from forgotten flags. Downsides include missing edge features and less precise control for complex merges. git bash pros include full feature access automation and compatibility with CI pipelines. Downsides include a steeper learning curve and a higher chance of typing the wrong command on a bad day.
Common commands to learn in git bash include git status git add git commit and git rebase. For Desktop use the app to stage hunks and double check diffs before committing. Many developers keep both tools installed for different moods and tasks.
Choose based on workflow needs learning goals and team practices. Both tools manage the same underlying repository so mixing the two is perfectly normal.